EMS type & combination | M-EMS | M+F-EMS | M+S+F-EMS | M+S-EMS | S-EMS | S+F-EMS |
Pinhole & blowhole | *** | *** | *** | *** | — | — |
Surface & subsurface cracks | *** | *** | *** | *** | — | — |
Break-out reduction | *** | *** | *** | *** | *+ | *+ |
Solidification structure & internal crack | ** | ** | *** | *** | ** | ** |
Centerline segregation, center porosity | ** | *** | *** | ** | ** | ** |
V segregation | — | *** | ** | * | *+ | ** |